African Journal of Parasitology, Mycology and Entomology

Introduction: Urinary schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma hӕmatobium is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. In the Ivory Coast, this disease is endemic in several regions where poor hygiene conditions, the presence of stagnant bodies of water, and children’s risk-taking behavior favor its transmission. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological features of urinary schistosomiasis in urban areas. Methods: This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2024 in Bouaké, a city located in central Côte d’Ivoire (≈7°69′ N; 5°03′ W), characterized by a transitional subequatorial climate and the presence of several surface water bodies conducive to human–water contact. The survey included 140 children aged 5 to 14 years attending Barakat School in the Belleville neighborhood, a densely populated urban area crossed by small streams and seasonal water channels. Urine samples were collected and analyzed after centrifugation to detect Schistosoma haematobium eggs. Results: The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was 3.6%. None of the children were aware of the disease. All positive cases regularly swam in freshwater areas, mainly during their break time. There was a statistically significant association between this exposure and the presence of eggs (p = 0.02). However, age, gender, and school level were not related to infection contagion. Conclusion: These results, although showing a low prevalence, underline the silent persistence of the disease in urban areas and the need for intensive awareness campaigns and preventative action against schistosomiasis. Full article