The Malaria Parasite Species Composition in Clinical and Asymptomatic Infections Among Children Under the Coverage of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in the Health District of Nanoro, Burkina Faso
1 Institut de Recherche en Science de la Santé/Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (IRSS-CRUN), BP 218 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; (P.S.); (B.K.); (K.S.M.); (S.A.E.K.); (E.W.C.); (I.M.C.B.); (I.B.); (T.R.); (A.K.); (K.D.); (M.C.T.); (H.I.); (E.R.); (H.T.)
2 Laboratory of Animal Biology and Ecology, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; (A.G.)
* Corresponding author: ; Tel.: +226-60810762
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 16 Nov 2024 / Accepted: 17 Feb 2025 / Published: 6 Mar 2025
Abstract
Introduction: Despite the deployment of different strategies for malaria control, the disease remains a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the studies are focused on Plasmodium falciparum, the predominant species in Africa, with a lack of data on other Plasmodium species; yet, considering them in the strategy of interventions is crucial for malaria elimination. This study aims to determine the cumulative number of malaria species, the effect of infection status on parasite density, and the infection type in the Nanoro area, Burkina Faso. Methods: Data from 2020 to 2023 were collected in asymptomatic children under seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) and clinical cases from health centers. Malaria diagnosis was conducted via microscopy, and statistical models were applied to evaluate infection status, age, gender, and hemoglobin levels. Results: A total of 5726 malaria episodes were diagnosed in 1996 children including 1263 asymptomatic and 733 clinical cases. P. falciparum was mostly represented regardless of infection type, followed by P. malariae and P. ovale. Host age significantly affected infection outcome (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, infection type was influenced by infection status, and clinical infections were mostly observed in mono-infected individuals with P. falciparum, while the infections tended to be asymptomatic in mixed infection. Conclusion: This study confirmed that P. falciparum remains the major malaria species in clinical and asymptomatic infections. Children with P. falciparum mono-infection exhibited higher parasite densities than in mixed-infected individuals, but this effect varied with infection type. However, further studies are needed to deeply investigate the effect of these mixed infections with different malaria species in human hosts.
Keywords: malaria; ; ; ; asymptomatic infections
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CITE
Kouevi, A.F.C.; Sondo, P.; Kabore, B.; Millogo, K.S.; Kambou, S.A.E.; Compaore, E.W.; Bayala, I.M.C.; Bouda, I.; Rouamba, T.; Kazienga, A.; Derra, K.; Tahita, M.C.; Ilboudo, H.; Rouamba, E.; Gneme, A.; Tinto, H. The Malaria Parasite Species Composition in Clinical and Asymptomatic Infections Among Children Under the Coverage of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in the Health District of Nanoro, Burkina Faso. ajpme 2025, 2, 17.
Kouevi AFC, Sondo P, Kabore B, Millogo KS, Kambou SAE, Compaore EW, Bayala IMC, Bouda I, Rouamba T, Kazienga A, Derra K, Tahita MC, Ilboudo H, Rouamba E, Gneme A, Tinto H. The Malaria Parasite Species Composition in Clinical and Asymptomatic Infections Among Children Under the Coverage of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in the Health District of Nanoro, Burkina Faso. African Journal of Parasitology, Mycology and Entomology. 2025; 2(2):17.
Kouevi, Amélé Fifi Chantal; Sondo, Paul; Kabore, Bérenger; Millogo, Kié Solange; Kambou, Sié A. Elisée; Compaore, Eulalie W.; Bayala, Ipéné Mylène Carenne; Bouda, Ismaila; Rouamba, Toussaint; Kazienga, Adama; Derra, Karim; Tahita, Marc Christian; Ilboudo, Hamidou; Rouamba, Eli; Gneme, Awa; Tinto, Halidou. 2025. "The Malaria Parasite Species Composition in Clinical and Asymptomatic Infections Among Children Under the Coverage of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in the Health District of Nanoro, Burkina Faso." ajpme 2, no. 2: 17.
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